Medical term:
Rifampicin
rifampin
[rif-am´pin]rifampin (rifampicin (UK))
Pharmacologic class: Rifamycin derivative
Therapeutic class: Antitubercular
Pregnancy risk category C
Action
Inhibits RNA synthesis by blocking RNA transcription in susceptible organisms (mycobacteria and some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria)
Availability
Capsules: 150 mg, 300 mg
Powder for injection: 600 mg/vial
Indications and dosages
➣ Tuberculosis
Adults: 10 mg/kg/day (up to 600 mg/day) P.O. or I.V. infusion as a single dose
Children: 10 to 20 mg/kg/day (up to 600 mg/day) P.O. or I.V. infusion as a single dose
➣ Asymptomatic Neisseria meningitidis carriers
Adults: 600 mg P.O. or I.V. infusion b.i.d. for 2 days
Children ages 1 month and older: 10 mg/kg/day P.O. or I.V. infusion (up to 600 mg/day) q 12 hours for 2 days
Infants younger than 1 month old: 5 mg/kg P.O. or I.V. infusion q 12 hours for 2 days
Off-label uses
• Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex infection
• Brucellosis
• Haemophilus influenzae type B
• Severe staphylococcal bone and joint infections
• Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci
• Leprosy
• Prophylaxis in high-risk close contact of patients with N. meningitidis infections
Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to drug or other rifamycin derivatives
Precautions
Use cautiously in:
• porphyria
• history of hepatic disease
• concurrent use of other hepatotoxic drugs
• pregnant or breastfeeding patients.
Administration
• Add 10 ml of sterile water to vial to yield a 60-mg/ml solution for I.V. infusion.
• Further dilute in 100 ml of dextrose 5% in water (D5W) and infuse over 30 minutes, or add to 500 ml of D5W and infuse over 3 hours.
• Give oral doses with a full glass of water 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.
• For an adult who can't swallow capsules or for a young child, mix capsule contents with syrup, shake well, and administer.
• If patient can't receive dextrose, use normal saline solution to dilute. Don't use other I.V. solutions.
Adverse reactions
CNS: ataxia, confusion, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, asthenia, psychosis, generalized numbness
EENT: conjunctivitis; discolored tears, saliva, and sputum
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, flatulence, discolored feces, anorexia, sore mouth and tongue, pseudomembranous colitis
GU: discolored urine
Hematologic: eosinophilia, transient leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, hemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thrombocytopenia
Hepatic: jaundice
Metabolic: hyperuricemia
Musculoskeletal: myalgia, joint pain
Respiratory: dyspnea, wheezing
Skin: flushing, rash, pruritus, discolored sweat, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Other: flulike symptoms, hypersensitivity reactions including vasculitis
Interactions
Drug-drug. Barbiturates, beta-adrenergic blockers, cardiac glycosides, clarithromycin, clofibrate, cyclosporine, dapsone, diazepam, doxycycline, fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin), haloperidol, levothyroxine, methadone, progestins, quinine, tacrolimus, theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, zidovudine: increased metabolism of these drugs Chloramphenicol, corticosteroids, disopyramide, efavirenz, estrogens, fluconazole, hormonal contraceptives, itra-conazole, ketoconazole, nevirapine, quinidine, opioid analgesics, oral hypoglycemics, phenytoin, quinidine, ritonavir, theophylline, tocainide, verapamil, warfarin: decreased efficacy of these drugs Delavirdine, indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir: decreased blood levels of these drugs
Hepatotoxic drugs (including isoniazid, ketoconazole, pyrazinamide): increased risk of hepatotoxicity
Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid: increased levels
Dexamethasone suppression test: interference with results
Direct Coombs' test: false-positive result
Folate, vitamin B12 assay: interference with standard assays
Hemoglobin: decreased value
Liver function tests: abnormal values (transient)
Sulfobromophthalein uptake and excretion test: delayed hepatic uptake and excretion
Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: increased risk of hepatotoxicity
Patient monitoring
• Monitor kidney and liver function tests, CBC, and uric acid level.
☞ Watch for signs and symptoms of bleeding tendency, especially DIC.
• Assess for signs and symptoms of hepatic impairment.
• Monitor bowel movements for diarrhea, which may signal pseudomembranous colitis.
Patient teaching
• Advise patient to take oral dose 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. If drug causes significant GI upset, instruct him to take it with meals. To further minimize GI upset, teach him to eat small, frequent servings of food and drink plenty of fluids.
☞ Instruct patient to immediately report easy bruising or bleeding, fever, malaise, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, or yellowing of skin or eyes.
• Tell patient drug may color his tears, urine, and other body fluids reddish or brownish orange. Instruct him not to wear contact lenses during therapy, because drug may stain them permanently.
• Instruct patient not to drink alcohol.
• Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness.
• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, and behaviors mentioned above.
rifampicin
(rĭ-făm′pĭ-sĭn)rifampicin
An antibiotic drug used mainly to treat TUBERCULOSIS and LEPROSY, but also LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE, PROSTATITIS, ENDOCARDITIS and OSTEOMYELITIS. Rifampicin acts by inhibiting transcription of bacterial nucleic acid. It interferes with the action of oral contraceptives. The drug is on the WHO official list. Brand names are Rifadin and Rimactane.Latest Searches:
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