Medical term:

alcohols

alcohol

[al´kah-hol]

1. any organic compound containing the hydroxy (-OH) functional group except those in which the OH group is attached to an aromatic ring, which are called phenols. Alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether the carbon atom to which the OH group is attached is bonded to one, two, or three other carbon atoms and as monohydric, dihydric, or trihydric according to whether they contain one, two, or three OH groups; the latter two are called diols and triols, respectively.

ethanol.

2. an official preparation of ethanol, used as a disinfectant, solvent, and preservative, and applied topically as a rubbing compound, disinfectant, astringent, hemostatic, and coolant.

absolute alcohol dehydrated a.

benzyl alcohol a colorless liquid used as a bacteriostatic in solutions for injection and as a topical local anesthetic.

dehydrated alcohol an extremely hygroscopic, transparent, colorless, volatile liquid used as a solvent and injected into nerves and ganglia for relief of pain. Called also absolute a.

denatured alcohol ethanol made unfit for human consumption by the addition of substances known as denaturants. Although it should never be taken internally, denatured alcohol is widely used on the skin as a disinfectant.

ethyl alcohol (grain alcohol) ethanol.

isopropyl alcohol a transparent, volatile colorless liquid used as a solvent and disinfectant and applied topically as an antiseptic; called also isopropanol. Diluted with water to approximately 70 per cent strength, it is called isopropyl rubbing alcohol and is used as a rubbing compound.

methyl alcohol methanol.

pantothenyl alcohol dexpanthenol.

panthenol.

phenethyl alcohol (phenylethyl alcohol) a colorless liquid used as an antimicrobial agent in pharmaceuticals.

rubbing alcohol a preparation of acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and ethanol, used as a rubefacient.

wood alcohol methanol.

al·co·hol

(al'kŏ-hol),

1. One of a series of organic chemical compounds in which a hydrogen (H) attached to carbon is replaced by a hydroxyl (OH); alcohols react with acids to form esters and with alkali metals to form alcoholates. For individual alcohols not listed here, see specific name.

2. made from sugar, starch, and other carbohydrates by fermentation with yeast, and synthetically from ethylene or acetylene. It has been used in beverages and as a solvent, vehicle, and preservative; medicinally, it is used externally as a rubefacient, coolant, and disinfectant, and has been used internally as an analgesic, stomachic, sedative, and antipyretic. Synonym(s): ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, rectified spirit, wine spirit

3. The azeotropic mixture of CH₃CH₂OH and water (92.3% by weight of ethanol at 15.56°C).

[Ar. al, the, + kohl, fine antimonial powder, the term being applied first to a fine powder, then to anything impalpable (spirit)]

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

alcohol

(ăl′kə-hôl′, -hŏl′)

1. Any of a series of hydroxyl compounds, the simplest of which are derived from saturated hydrocarbons, have the general formula C_nH_2n+1OH, and include ethanol and methanol.

2. A colorless volatile flammable liquid, C₂H₅OH, synthesized or obtained by fermentation of sugars and starches and widely used, either pure or denatured, as a solvent and in drugs, cleaning solutions, explosives, and intoxicating beverages. Also called ethanol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol.

3. Intoxicating beverages containing ethanol considered as a group: the national consumption of alcohol.

alcohol

Chemistry Any of a broad category of organic chemicals containing one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups with a minimal tendency to ionise; alcohols can be liquids, semisolids or solids at room temperature
Common alcohols Ethanol, or CH3CH2OH (“drinking” alcohol); methanol, or CH3OH (wood/grain alcohol, which can cause blindness and CNS damage); propanol, or (CH3)2CHOH (“rubbing” alcohol).
Clinical medicine Once consumed, the commonly ingested alcohol, ethyl alcohol (ethanol), peaks in the blood in ±30 mins; ±1 hour is needed to eliminate each 10g of alcohol ingested; blood alcohol levels reliably indicate the amount of ethanol “on board”; alcohol consumption may relieve anxiety for several hours, but, long-term, may aggravate or provoke anxiety and panic disorders.
Health benefits of As little as 1 drink/week reduces risk of stroke.
Ref range Negative; serum levels of >0.05% is enough to cause impairment.
Metabolism
• Absorption 20% of alcohol is absorbed in the stomach, 80% in the upper small intestine; absorbed slower if food present in stomach, faster on empty stomach, faster if beverage is carbonated (e.g., champagne). Optimal alcohol absorption occurs when gastric alcohol is 10–20%; if higher, gastric mucus secretion delays emptying and absorption. Absorption is usually complete in 3 hours.
• Distribution Alcohol distributes in water, not fat; women and overweight people have a lower volume of distribution and thus have a higher blood alcohol concentration (BAC).
• Rule of thumb One unit of alcohol increases the BAC by ±15 ml/100ml in men and ±20 ml/100ml in women. The Widmark equation provides a crude estimate of peak blood alcohol concentration that can be expected after ingesting a known amount of alcohol.
• Elimination Alcohol is eliminated by all routes, including 5% in the lungs and 5% in the urine; 90% is metabolised via hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde and via aldehyde dehydrogenase to acetate, which is converted into CO2 and water.

alcohol

Chemistry Any of a broad category of organic chemicals containing one or more hydroxyl––OH groups with a minimal tendency to ionize; alcohols can be liquids, semisolids or solids at room temperature Common alcohols Ethanol or CH₃CH₂OH/'drinking' alcohol, methanol–CH₃OH, wood/grain alcohol, which can cause blindness and CNS damage, propanol–(CH₃)₂CHOH, 'rubbing' alcohol. See Absolute alcohol, Perillyl alcohol Clinical medicine The commonly ingested alcohol, ethyl alcohol–ethanol, once consumed, peaks in the blood in ±30 mins; ±1 hr is needed to eliminate each 10g of alcohol ingested; blood alcohol levels reliably indicate the amount of ethanol 'on board'; alcohol consumption may relieve anxiety for several hrs, but, long-term, may aggravate or provoke anxiety and panic disorders Health benefits of As little as 1 drink/wk ↓ risk of stroke Ref rangeNegative; serum levels of > 0. 05% is sufficient to cause impairment

al·co·hol

(al'kŏ-hol)

2. Ethanol, C₂H₅OH, made from carbohydrates by fermentation and synthetically from ethylene or acetylene. It has been used in beverages and as a solvent, vehicle, and preservative; medicinally, it is used externally as a rubefacient, coolant, and disinfectant, and internally as an analgesic, stomachic, and sedative.
Synonym(s): ethanol, ethyl alcohol.

3. The azeotropic mixture of CH₃CH₂OH and water (92.3% by weight of ethanol).

[Ar. al, the, + kohl, fine antimonial powder, the term being applied first to a fine powder, then to anything impalpable (spirit)]

Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012

alcohol

A colourless volatile liquid obtained by fermenting sugars or starches with yeast and used as a solvent, a skin cleaner and hardener, and as an intoxicating drink. Also known as ethyl alcohol or ethanol.

Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005

Fig. 21 Alcohol . Molecular structure of an alcohol.

alcohol

an organic molecule in which a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon is replaced by a hydroxyl group (OH). See Fig. 21 .

antiseptic

An agent that kills or prevents the growth of bacteria. This term is generally restricted to agents that are sufficiently non-toxic for superficial application to living tissues. These include the preservatives for eye drops and contact lens solutions. Examples of antiseptics are alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide, chlorbutanol, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, thimerosal (or thiomersalate). Other agents that are too toxic to be applied to living tissues are called disinfectants and are used to sterilize instruments and apparatus. See disinfection; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; neutralization; sterilization.

al·co·hol

(al'kŏ-hol)

Agent made from sugar, starch, and other carbohydrates by fermentation with yeast, and synthetically from ethylene or acetylene; used in beverages and as a solvent, vehicle, and preservative; medicinally, used externally and internally. Known chemically as ethanol.

[Ar. al, the, + kohl, fine antimonial powder, the term being applied first to a fine powder, then to anything impalpable (spirit)]

Patient discussion about alcohol

Q. Alcoholism Steve 26 yr old suffered with bi-polar and the related drugs that eventually lead to his over dose. He died in where he felt a connection to the intellectual environment. After suffering with Steve for so many years, I am convinced that this disease is genetic; his grandmother also suffered with drug addiction and a mental disorder, but had that gene that must have been inherited by Steve. Any one in the area of mental health and genetic engineering Research? We want to set up or get involved with public awareness on the devastation of this disease which kills 100+ thousands in this country each year; yet society treats it as a social problem -- The advancement of mental research has been slow almost medieval -- Please help. No one, no family should have to suffer the way my beautiful son suffered and who had so much to give to humanity.

A. I,m going to tell you a story: I was born in Newark,New Jersey in 1956,my sister was born 1953.Me an my sister were both born with asthma.my mother liked to party alot with her friends,an my father drank at work sometimes an when he got home,every day at 5pm.One day when i was 6yrs old,my sister got sick(asthma attack). I remember my grand mother trying to get my mother to take my sister to the hospital,to call my father,finally when my sister almost stopped breath she was taken to the hospital-it was to late.If my parents had of been sober my sister would be here to day,This was my first exsperiance with ALCOHOL---growing up was not easy when i was young i used to go hide when my father came home(IT WAS VERY BAD) my father used to come home from work,get drunk an start to holla at my mother if denner was not the way he liked--he would holla,yell for no reason most of the time(THIS MAN WAS EVIL)--in those days people did not care about addiction like now-he is dead thank god?

Q. ALCOHOLISM what effect does it have on the digestive system?

A. Alcohol may increase the risk of developing cancers of the digestive system, including mouth, esophagus, as well as large bowel cancer, pancreas and liver.

Alcohol is well known to damage the pancreas and the liver, important parts of the digestive tract.

You may read more here:
www.mayoclinic.com/health/alcohol/SC00024

Q. alcoholism I am 17 years old and I love to drink alcohol. I go out partying and drinking every night with my friends. How can I tell if I am an alcoholic or just like to drink?

A. At age 17, it may seem like fun to go out and party and get drunk every night, but its symptomatic that you have let your self cross over the line that leads to self destruction. You have already admitted that you are worried about becoming an alcoholic and being referred to as a "drunk". If that bothers you, you had better get help or stop. If it doesn't bother you that people see you as "a drunk", then there's no point in anyone making any further replies to your post. Sooner or later, something bad will surely happen, that may make you wise up. But for many alcoholics which includes me, they have to hit absolute "rock bottom". Your life will surely go "south" if you keep it up, until you either wise up because of the hangovers, or you get to the bitter end of your rope. The end of the rope could be any of the following: jail, death, car wreck, lose job, lose spouse through divorce, get thrown out of the house, get sick from heart disease, beco

More discussions about alcohol

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